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What happens when you type URL in browser

There are 6 general steps in this process:

  1. DNS lookup:
    • DNS lookup in Cache. The browser uses DNS lookup to get the IP address for the domain. Cached data at different levels makes the process faster.
    • Recursive DNS lookup in Server If the IP address cannot be found at any of the caches, the browser goes to DNS servers to do a recursive DNS lookup until the IP address is found
  2. TCP handshake. The browser establishes a TCP connection with the Server.
  3. TLS Negotiation. Determines which cipher will be used to encrypt the communication, verifies the Server, and establishes that a secure connection is in place before beginning the actual transfer of data
  4. Request to the Server. The Client sends an HTTP request to the Server.
  5. Server response to the Client. The Server processes the request and sends back the response for a successful response (the status code is 200).
  6. Rendering webpage. The browser renders the HTML content.